DSM-IV & DSM-IV-TR:

Delirium

Although classified as a mental disorder because it involves fluctuating level of consciousness and pervasive impairment in mental, behavioral, and emotional functioning, this brain state, which is usually of acute onset and temporary duration, is probably always caused by physical disease, head trauma, or drug effect.

Delirium Due to a General Medical Condition | Substance Intoxication Delirium | Substance Withdrawal Delirium | Delirium Due to Multiple Etiologies

Also: acute brain syndrome, acute cerebral insufficiency, acute confusional state, intoxication delirium, toxic, withdrawal delirium

Books and Other Media:
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The African Queen Katharine Hepburn, Humphrey Bogart, Robert Morley 1951

Cabin in the Sky Ethel Waters, Eddie 'Rochester' Anderson, Lena Horne 1943

Children of the Century Juliette Binoche, Benoît Magimel, Stefano Dionisi 1999

DAD Jack Lemmon, Ted Danson 1989

The Death of Mr. Lazarescu Ion Fiscuteanu 2005

Kolya Zdenek Sverák, Andrei Chalimon, Libuse Safránková 1996

Lightkeepers Richard Dreyfuss, Blythe Danner, Bruce Dern, Tom Wisdom 2009

Lovely and Amazing Troy Ruptash, Emily Mortimer, Brenda Blethyn 2001

Off the Map Valentina de Angelis, Joan Allen, Sam Elliott, and Amy Brenneman 2005

American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 1994