forensic: parties
A "plaintiff" initiates a civil action; the state initiates a criminal action. The responding party in either action is the "defendant." A person initiating an appeal is an "appellant;" the responding party is the "appellee."*
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Books and Other
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*Committee on Psychiatry and Law, of the Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry The Mental Health Professional and the Legal System Paperback 1992 American Psychiatric Press