Excerpts with permission from Graham, Allan W. & Schultz, Terry K. (Editors) (American Society of Addiction Medicine): Principles of Addiction Medicine, 2nd Edition
Dysfunctional changes in physiological functioning, psychological functioning,mood state, cognitive process, or all of these, as a consequence of consumption of [an opioid]; usually disruptive, and often stemming from central nervous system impairment.
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